Fluid turbulence in two dimensions has some unusual and fascinating properties and is amenable to both physical experiment and numerical simulation on a detailed level. I will show how experiments on 2D turbulence can be used to directly understand how structures in the flow are related to a direct measure of transfer quantities in the inertial ranges of the direct and inverse cascades of 2D turbulence. Further, I will show how measurement of Lagrangian quantities such as mean-square particle separation can be obtained and will present an interpretation of these results compared to theoretical predictions.